[Stereotypic movements in children]

To study the prevalence of Stereotypic Movements [SM] in children. Using a multistage sampling method, we selected 300 children from 13 day care centers and primary school in Urmia [Western Azerbaijan Province]. Data collection involved parent interviews in the presence of the children. Three hundred children [167 boys and 133 girls] were included in the study. Nearly 50% [149 out of 300] had one type of SM. The prevalence of different type of stereotypic movements were as follows: bruxism 16%, head banging 13%, hair pulling 8%, nail biting 7% and thumb sucking 6%; each of the affected subjects had only one type of SM. There were not any significant relationships between sex and various SM varieties- except for heads banging, which was more common in boys [P<0.001]. There were no significant associations between parents' education or occupation and the presence of any type of SM [P>0.04]. The prevalence of Stereotypic Movements is high in children. To confirm the findings more comprehensive studies are recommended

Transfusion complications due to human error in thalassemic patients

While public focus is on the risks of transfusion transmitted infections, transfusion errors contribute significantly to adverse reactions. In this study we describe two cases of mistransfusion; two thalassemic siblings were admitted for monthly transfusion: a 19 year old boy and his sister. The donor whose blood donation was cross matched for the sister had a name similar to the brother; so it was wrongly administered to him that led to the hemolytic reaction. Another 2.5 year old boy with O[+] blood group received A[+] blood because of the staff error in recording the patient blood group and neglecting the crossmatch. The most prevalant complications of blood transfusion are due to human error. In order to decrease errors, it is recommended to double check the blood order form and the information on the blood bag

Effect of early bathing on temperature of normal newborn infants

Nowadays there is a strong tendency for early bathing of healthy newborns but little is known about the thermal stability of newborns in response to early bathing. The aim of this study was to compare the thermal effect of bathing on healthy newborn within 1-2 h of life versus 4-6 h after birth. In this randomized comparative study 100 healthy newborns in a newborn nursery of a charity hospital in Tehran were studied. The inclusion criteria were: healthy term [>/= 37 wk] newborn over 2500 grams with rectal temperature > 36.5 °C, apgar score > 7 in 1 and 5 min after birth and lack of manifestations of any diseases like sepsis or respiratory distress syndrome .The exclusion criteria were the history of recent fever, leukocytosis, urinary tract infections and using medicines in their mothers. In the experimental group, 50 newborns were bathed within the first 1-2 h of birth; those in control group were bathed at the 4-6 h of age. Rectal temperatures were measured in four different times: before bathing and immediately as well as 30 and 60 min after bathing. Rectal temperatures as measured at four different times did not differ significantly between infants bathed within 1-2 h of birth and those bathed 4-6 h after birth .There were no significant differences between the groups in types of gender, birth weight, gestational age, parity, delivery route, interval time between rupture of membranes and delivery, apgar scores at 1 and 5 min of age. Healthy full term newborns with rectal temperature > 36.5 °C can be bathed within 1-2 h of birth without any risk of hypothermia

randomized clinical trial of prophylactic effects of vitamin D on difrent indices of osteopenia of prematurity

Prevention and treatment of the rickets of prematurity is an important aspect of the care of preterm infants. The purpose of this study was to compare the prophylactic effects of different doses of vitamin D on the clinical, biochemical and radiological indices of the rickets of prematurity. In a randomized clinical trial, 68 premature infants [<38 weeks] with birth weight under 2000 g, randomly divided in two groups. Infants received 400 IU/d vitamin D in Group A [n=32] and 1000 IU/d in group B [n= 36]. On the 9th week of birth, serum calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase were measured and x-ray of left wrist and physical examination were performed. The average serum calcium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase in both groups had no difference [P= 0.326, 0.466, 0.147, respectively] and no one had a radiological or clinical picture of rickets. In conclusion we recommend low dose vitamin D for prevention of the osteopenia of prematurity